ABSTRACT
Nausea is special in the symptoms, and is different from hiccups and vomiting. The main symptom is that the patients throw up the indigested food from the stomach regularly--if the patients have a dinner, they will throw out it in the next morning, or if the patients have a breakfast, they will throw out it at night. Nausea is common in clinic, and different physicians may use different treatment methods for it. This disease also cannot be treated efficiently and may happen repeatedly with the western medicine. In this study, the composition principles of prescriptions in past traditional Chinese medicine for nausea were analyzed and summarized by using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system(V2.5), hoping to provide guidance for clinical drug use and summarize the basic rules for treatment of nausea.The prescriptions for nausea in "the prescription of traditional Chinese medicine dictionary" were selected, and the information was entered into the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system(TCMISS) to build a database. Data mining methods such as frequency statistics, association rules, complex system entropy clustering were used to analyze and summarize the composition principles of these prescriptions. The herb frequencies of the prescriptions were finally determined; herbs with higher use frequencies were obtained; and the association rules between herbs were found. 19 commonly used herb pairs, 10 core combinations and 10 newly developed prescriptions were found. The basic pathogenesis of nausea in traditional Chinese medicine is the weakness and coldness of spleen and stomach, and the Qi adverseness of stomach. Generations of physicians' main therapeutic method for nausea is mainly to warm the middle and invigorate the spleen, lower Qi and regulate stomach. The commonly used herbs for nausea are ginger, ginseng, large head attractylodes, tuckahoe, licorice, and appropriately supplemented with the herbs of eliminating dampness and eliminating phlegm, and regulating Qi-flowing for harmonizing stomach. In addition, it shall be treated according to the different accompanying syndromes such as phlegm, blood stasis, and yin deficiency.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of health education on iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Hebei, and to provide basic information for development of control strategies. Methods A total of 34 project counties were selected in Hebei province, and 3 townships were chosen in each project county. Heath educational activities were carried out in the classes of grade 5 in the central primary school of each selected township. In the meantime, 3 villages were chosen in each selected township where the health education for women of childbearing age in the community was carried out. Sureys on knowledge of IDD control were conducted in the 34 project counties before and after the health educational activities. Results The knowing rates of IDD control among pupils in all 34 project counties increased from 71.10%(7835/11 019) to 94.84%(10 840/11 430) after health education, with a average increase of 23.74%. The knowing rates of IDD control among housewives increased from 77.02%(4531/5883) to 95.32%(5902/6192), with a average increase of 18.30%. Of which, the knowing rates of IDD control among pupils in Hengshui city increased from 55.56% (750/1350) to 94.89% (1281/1350),with a average increase of 39.33%. The knowing rates of IDD control among housewives in Handan city increased from 65.68%(532/810) to 96.50%(909/942), with a average increase of 30.82%. Conclusions The knowing rates of IDD control among pupils and housewives are remarkably increased after implementing the health education projects. They have better life and health habits, and the project achieves desired effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the supply of iodized salt in non-excessive iodine counties and iodine-free salt in excessive iodine counties at household level in Hebei province so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD). Methods According to the national project of IDD surveillance,the county was taken as the elementary sampling unit. The towns and villages were selected by systematic and random sampling in every county and households were chosen by random sampling to collect their edible salt in Hebei province in 2008. The salt iodine content in non-and excessive iodine regions was detected by direct titrition method and semiquantitative method respectively. Results all 48 448 salt samples were collected from 167 non-excessive iodine counties. Weighed by the population of counties,the rate of non-iodized salt was 4.73%. Iodized salt accounted for 95.27%,out of which,96.13% were qualified and the consuming rate of qualified iodized salt was 91.96%. Eighty point eighty three percent(135/167) of the counties covered by iodized salt above 95%,92.81% (155/167) passing rate of iodized salt above 90% and 82.04 (137/167) consuming rate of qualified iodized salt. All 1466 salt samples were collected in 5 counties with excessive water iodine content and the coverage rate of iodine-free salt was 93.25%(1367/1466). Conclusions In a nutshell,the national targets for preliminary elimination of IDD have been achieved in regions of non-excessive iodine of Hebei province. Nevertheless,the coverage rate of iodized salt and qualified iodize salt rate in some counties are still below the national standard. Therefore the prevention and control of IDD need to be strengthened. The supply of iodized salt in excessive iodine regions should be timely stopped.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition status of the target population living in the areas with low coverage rate of iodized salt and to provide a basis to prevent and control iodine deficiency. Methods The investigation was carried out in the areas with coverage rate of iodized salt lower than 80%, including 7 counties (city, district). Three townships(sub-district office) were sampled in each county and two elementary schools in each township(sub-district office). Urinary iodine level was measured for 40 children aged from 8 to 10 years old in each elementary school. Drinking water iodine was collected and determined in their living villages. Twenty salt samples were tested for iodine in salt from 20 house which had fertile women, and urine iodine of 10 fertile women were tested in each village. Results Sixty-two water samples were determined and the water iodine was ranged from 5.8 to 272.7 μg/L, of which 3 water samples were equal and more than 150 μg/L. Eight hundred and seventy-two salt samples were collected. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 70.74%(585/827) and the coverage rates were below than 80% in 5 counties (city, district). A total of 1660 children' urine samples were collected, the content of urine iodine ranged from 10.0 to 1088.0 μg/L and the urine iodine median was 173.7 μg/L. Four hundred and thirty-seven urine samples were collected from the fertile women and the urine iodine median was 179.1 μg/L. The iodine level of children and women was the highest in Dongguang County(251.8,273.8 μg/L) while that of Hejian County (130.8,118.7 μg/L) was the lowest. Conclusions Although the iodine nutrition of children and fertile women is appropriate in areas with low coverage rate of iodized salt, we presume from the results that the possibility of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women exists in Hejian and Anping.